Interface modification of TiO₂ electron transport layer with PbCl₂ for perovskiote solar cells with carbon electrode

Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention because of their unique features and high efficiency. However, the stability perovskite solar cells remains to be improved. In this study, we modified TiO 2 Electron Transport Layer (ETL) interface with PbCl . The efficiency carbon electrodes increased from 11.28% 13.34%, obviously addition had no effect on morphology, crystal structure, absorption property absorber layer. it affected band energy level alignment accelerated electron extraction transfer at between layer ETL, thus enhancing overall photovoltaic performance. interfacial modification ETL is a promising way for potential commercialization low-cost electrode-based cells.